四川博物館研學(xué)活動(dòng)

Sichuan Museum Study Tour

5月26日上午，成都協(xié)同學(xué)校八年級(jí)的同學(xué)們搭乘地鐵來(lái)到四川博物院，參加漢代建筑之美博物館課程。

On 26th May，G8 students in CCIS went to Sichuan Museum to study the beauty of the structures in Han Dynasty.

開(kāi)啟快樂(lè)模式

經(jīng)過(guò)了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的“長(zhǎng)途跋涉”，我們抵達(dá)了博物院。一進(jìn)門(mén)，我們就被自動(dòng)販賣(mài)機(jī)給吸引了。但是因?yàn)榭诖湛眨覀円仓荒堋俺伺d而來(lái)，敗興而歸”。

After one hour of travel, we arrived at Sichuan Museum. We were attracted by the vending machine at the gate, but after we checked our pockets, we gave up.

開(kāi)始上課，老師給我們發(fā)放了研學(xué)手冊(cè)，上面有許多問(wèn)題，需要我們通過(guò)今天的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)探究。首先我們通過(guò)視頻了解了漢代建筑的杰出代表——未央宮。她的占地面積是故宮的六倍之多。但是遺憾的是我們今天已經(jīng)看不見(jiàn)這座雄偉的宮殿了，只留下了一個(gè)前殿的臺(tái)基遺址。雖然我們今天已經(jīng)不能看到漢代地上建筑的實(shí)物，但是我們可以通過(guò)一些文物去認(rèn)識(shí)漢代的建筑。接下來(lái)，我們就來(lái)到展廳，參觀漢代墓葬中出土的畫(huà)像磚和陪葬品，畫(huà)像磚上有建筑的圖樣，陪葬品中有各種建筑的模型，連裝飾都表現(xiàn)得十分精細(xì)。

Class began. The teacher handed out worksheets for us to finish for the day. First, we learned about Weiyang Palace through video, an outstanding representative of Han Dynasty architecture. It was 6 times bigger than Forbidden Palace. It is a pity that we can not see this magnificent palace today, only a platform of front hall the remains. Although we can no longer see the real buildings of the Han Dynasty, we can learn them through some cultural relics. Then we came to the exhibition hall to visit the Han Dynasty tomb excavated brick and burial goods. There are architectural patterns on these bricks and the burial goods have a variety of building model with fine details.

了解了漢代的建筑，回到教室，我們開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)古建筑的重要結(jié)構(gòu)以及其中的力學(xué)原理。中國(guó)古建筑中最重要的木架構(gòu)由柱、梁、枋、椽、檁組成，這些結(jié)構(gòu)由同樣是木質(zhì)的斗拱連接，支撐起屋頂。我們還做了一個(gè)木架構(gòu)承重的小實(shí)驗(yàn)。用四個(gè)碗代表四根柱子，用四根筷子表示梁和枋，將四根筷子的一頭搭在碗上，另一頭交互搭在一起，這樣一個(gè)由四根筷子撐起的結(jié)構(gòu)，居然還可以承受一個(gè)碗的重量。而碗的下面，除了四個(gè)筷子組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，就是懸空的。

After the exhibition visitwe went back to a classroom to learn the important structure of Chinese ancient architecture and its mechanics principle. The most important wooden structure in Chinese ancient building that supports the roof is composed of column, beam, tiefang, rafter and purlin, which were connected by wooden Dou Gong. We also did a small experiment of wooden structures. Four bowls represented four pillars, and four chopsticks represented beams and tiebeams. Put one end of each chopstick on the bowl, and put the other end interactively together. Such a structure supported by four chopsticks can actually bear the weight of another bowl.

我們還學(xué)習(xí)了中國(guó)木作的精髓——榫卯結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不使用釘子和膠水，仍能讓木質(zhì)零件嚴(yán)絲合縫組成一件件家具，一件件房屋的木架構(gòu)。不僅如此，這種結(jié)構(gòu)還具有極大的抗震性。我們看了一個(gè)視頻，視頻中人們給一個(gè)仿古木結(jié)構(gòu)屋子做抗震實(shí)驗(yàn)，當(dāng)震級(jí)達(dá)到10級(jí)時(shí)，房屋的木結(jié)構(gòu)雖然晃動(dòng)很厲害，但仍然屹立。而墻壁在震級(jí)達(dá)到7級(jí)時(shí)就垮塌了。這就是中國(guó)建筑“墻倒屋不塌”的神話。

We also learned the essence of Chinese wood work –Sun Mao construction. This structure needn’t use nails or glue, but still stitched wooden parts together to form the wooden furniture and house. Further more, the structure is also shock-resistant. We watched a video of people doing an earthquake test on an ancient wooden house. When the earthquake reached magnitude 10, the wooden structure of the house shook a lot, but it still stood up. Walls collapsed when the quake reached magnitude 7. This is the Chinese architectural myth that "Even if the wall falls, the house will still stand".

之后我們又學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)古建筑觀賞性的部分——屋頂，了解了屋頂?shù)臉邮胶偷燃?jí)。最后，我們每一個(gè)人都動(dòng)手搭建了一個(gè)房屋模型。看似簡(jiǎn)單，但也花費(fèi)了我們一個(gè)多小時(shí)的時(shí)間。

After that, we studied the roof, the most ornamental part of ancient Chinese architecture, and learned about the style and grade of the roof. In the end, each of us built a model house. The seemingly simple structure took us more than an hour to finish.

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